Soosie

Paquin & PoiretJeanne Paquin 1891 - 1956

Paquin is a readily recognisable name yet it is her husband, Isidore Paquin, a wealthy banker, that is most often credited with her success. Jeanne Paquin was an exceptional woman, far ahead on her contemporaries. She pioneered many aspects of couture fashion including being the first women to have a recognised haute couture house, opened in 1891, along the famous Rue du La Paix. It was Paquin that first sent models to the races and the opera to showcase her beautiful gowns to the social elite. She became the first woman designer to be awarded the Légion d’Honneur and was the President of the Haute Couture section of the 1900 Paris Exposition, a great honour and a huge accomplishment for a woman of that time. She was the first couture house to open branches abroad including; London, New York, Buenos Aires and Madrid.

Paquin and Paul Poiret were neighbours on the Rue du la Paix and fierce competitors. Poiret was seen as the flamboyant and outrageous designer who pushed the boundaries of acceptability, always challenging but not always changing the ways of Parisian women. Paquin in contrast, was seen as the house with style and taste, Jeanne appeared to judge the tolerable limits of change better than Poiret, with one exception. The House of Paquin executed Paul Iribe’s designs for the previously mentioned play Rue du la Paix, with almost disastrous results. As previously mentioned the play was received with mixed reactions with much of the commentary critical of the 50 costumes paraded through out the scenes. They were described as bizarre and likened to the "poor taste of Teutons" and that "Madame Paquin will face a lot of problems getting them accepted by French women who care about an aesthetic line" . Her biographer states she was "simply amused" by the controversy but was quick to point out that her house had produced the costumes for Iribe and did not designed them.

Jeanne is also noted for making black the new black, until then fashion houses never designed in black. She did this by lining black jackets and coats with dazzlingly bright silks of red, turquoise and purple or embroidering basic black gowns in sparkling jewel like colours. Her favourite colours were white, gold and pale green and I have created the Empress in those colours.

At her peak Jeanne Paquin dressed royalty, the rich and the famous of Europe including the Queens of Belgium, Portugal, and Spain and the dress for Jane Avril’s opening solo show in Paris.

Her husband and confidant died shortly after World War 1 which had a devastating effect on Jeanne, she handed the financial reigns over to her brother and by 1920 the design control to Mademoiselle Madeleine. The House of Paquin prospered for a few more decades then ceased to exist by 1956.
 
    

Paul Poiret

Self proclaimed "King of Fashion", he was largely responsible for the social acceptance of women wearing pants and freed women from the tight, constricting corsets of the turn of the 20th century. His designs were intricate, detailed and made brilliant use of the drape of the fabric rather than a tailor’s traditional approach of stitch and dart. Anyone, who was anyone, in the social scene of Europe and America, had a Poiret gown.

Poiret was the enfant terribles of his time, learning his trade from Jacque Doucet and Charles Worth and opening his own house in 1903 as a neighbour of Jeanne Paquin. He credited himself with changing the shape of women and giving us the Empire line, the lampshade tunic and the hobble skirt. Poiret was a flamboyant man, whose parties were legendary. He made it his business to outrage, shock and sometimes alarm the staid elite, introducing ground breaking designs and methods through innovation but occasionally took things a little too far and became the subject of critics and gossip columnists.

He didn’t restrict himself to fashion; he had considerable influence on interior design and opened his own design studio called Atelier Martine named after his second daughter. He had interests in a commercial art gallery called Galerie Barbazanges, produced a perfume named after his eldest daughter Rosine and ran a school for decorative arts, which he cleverly used as a cheap source of designs.

Poiret was the first to name his designs, including each gown. This had a twofold effect: it individualised each gown, lending an art piece air to them and almost gave them a persona but more importantly it had a commercial aspect. Unlike a straight code number used to identify stock, a name could be registered and at times copyrighted, a formality that was used as a tool against piracy of his designs and ideas, it gave him a legal platform to pursue if required. Even at the beginning of the twentieth century having your designs copied was rife.

Poiret’s success cannot be mentioned without the illustrators Paul Iribe; Les Robes de Paul Poiret and Georges Lepape; Les Choses de Paul Poiret vues par Georges Lepape, their style of illustrations and choice of colours not only enhanced Poiret’s gowns but some have said were the making of his gowns. Of course Poiret discusses this in his autobiography but certainly doesn’t confirm it.